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- SCIENCE, Page 43Sexy Genes
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- Rewriting the laws of heredity
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- Scientists have long believed that at the genetic level,
- men and women are pretty much the same. According to textbooks,
- only two of the 46 gene-carrying chromosomes in a human cell --
- a pair known as the sex chromosomes -- are noticeably different
- in males and females. But at a genetics seminar last week at
- Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Me., this conventional wisdom
- took a beating. Participants cited evidence that there may be
- many more differences in male and female genes than previously
- thought. That revelation challenges assumptions about heredity
- held for more than a century.
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- Human chromosomes come in 23 pairs. One member of each pair
- is from a person's mother and the other from the father. Except
- for the two sex chromosomes, the members of each pair were
- thought to be interchangeable. It seemed that the way a
- chromosome functioned in the cell had nothing to do with whether
- it came from the mother or the father.
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- But new studies of genetic diseases suggest that the
- chromosomes from the two parents can play slightly different
- roles. For example, children who through a reproductive
- malfunction receive two copies of chromosome No. 7 from their
- mother and no copy from their father sometimes suffer from a
- severely retarded growth rate. Naturally occurring cases of a
- kidney cancer called Wilms tumor are caused by a missing
- chromosome. But in almost all cases, the missing chromosome was
- the mother's, not the father's.
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- "This is just absolutely mind boggling," said Judith Hall,
- a geneticist from the University of British Columbia. "It's a
- new way of thinking." And that new way may continue to reveal
- subtle differences in the genetic makeup of the two sexes.
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